Year 8 Science: Digestive Dilemma!
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Digestive System Diagram
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Digestive System Video
- Encyclopaedia Britannica Digestive System Video The digestive system is composed of ten organs that process the food we eat, retaining the nutritive elements and rejecting the waste. Digestion begins in the mouth with the action of the teeth, the tongue, and the saliva produced by the salivary glands. Each mouthful of food is transformed into a soft moist ball called an alimentary bolus, which is then swallowed. In a few seconds the alimentary bolus descends along the esophagus to the stomach, where it is mixed with gastric juices. Digestion continues in the small intestine, where foods are totally decomposed due to the action of substances secreted by the liver and pancreas. The nutritive elements absorbed by the intestinal mucosa pass into the blood. The waste continues on to the large intestine, where it is transformed into fecal matter, then evacuated. This process takes a relatively long time. In total, digestion lasts 12 to 24 hours.
Function of Digestive System Structures
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Disorders of the Digestive System
- Irritable Bowel Syndrome Definition Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common intestinal condition characterized by abdominal pain and cramps, changes in bowel movements diarrhea constipation, or both), gassiness, bloating, nausea, and other symptoms. There is no cure for IBS. Much about the condition remains unknown or poorly understood; however, dietary changes, drugs, and psychological treatment are often able to eliminate or substantially reduce its symptoms.
- Appendicitis Appendicitis is an inflammation of the appendix, which is the worm-shaped pouch attached to the cecum, the beginning of the large intestine . The appendix has no known function in the body, but it can become diseased and inflamed. Appendicitis is a medical emergency. If it is left untreated, the appendix may rupture and cause a potentially fatal infection .
- Diarrhea Bowel movements vary with the individual. Some people have several every day. Others may only have a bowel movement every two or three days. Stool can also vary in consistency. Thus, diarrhea is an abnormally high frequency of bowel movements and stool that is abnormally loose for a given individual. Of the approximately 10 qt. (9.5 l) of fluid waste that exit a normal adult stomach daily, all but about 1.6 qt. (1.5 l) are reabsorbed in the small intestine , and most of the remainder is reabsorbed in the large intestine . Thus, the average adult loses about 3.4 oz. (100 ml) of fluid waste each day in the stool. Diarrhea occurs when the intestines produce too much fluid or fail to reabsorb adequate amounts. Since loose, wet stools weigh more than solid stools, stool weight is sometimes used to define diarrhea.
- Vomiting Vomiting is the forceful emptying or throwing up of a large portion of the stomach contents through the mouth. It can include the complete inability to hold fluids or food in the stomach. Vomiting is often accompanied or preceded by abdominal discomfort and nausea. Nausea and vomiting are also called emesis.
- Constipation Constipation occurs when too much water is removed from the slurry and it becomes difficult or painful to eliminate the stool. The most common reason why too much water is removed is that the material stays too long in the colon.
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